SUBMARINE CABLES AND PIPELINES
Mariners are advised not to anchor or trawl in the vicinity of submarine
cables and pipelines.Pipelines are not always buried and their presence may  
significantly reduce the charted depth. 
They may also span seabed undulations and cause fishing gear to become 
irrecoverably snagged, putting a vessel in severe danger. 

TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES AND ROUTEING
For the latest information on individual schemes and IMO mandatory routes
for certain tankers and other vessels, see the Netherlands Coast Pilot(HP1)
or ADMIRALTY Sailing Directions. 

VESSEL REPORTING
For details of the Maas Approach, Westerschelde Vessel Traffic Services Scheldemond 
(VTS SM) and Sunk Vessel Traffic Service, see the Netherlands Coast Pilot (HP1) or 
ADMIRALTY List of Radio Signals.

HELICOPTER OPERATIONS
Pilot transfers by means of helicopter may be expected in the MAAS CENTRE 
precautionary area and in the NORTH HINDER JUNCTION precautionary area. For 
further details see the Netherlands Coast Pilot (HP1) or ADMIRALTY List of Radio Signals.

OIL AND GAS FIELDS
Production platforms and associated structures, including tanker moorings, 
storage tankers and platforms on pipelines, generally exhibit Mo(U) lights, 
aircraft obstruction lights, and audible fog signals. Unauthorized navigation is 
prohibited within 500 metres of all such structures, including storage tankers 
which can swing around their moorings. Tankers manoeuvring in the vicinity 
of platforms and moorings should be given a wide berth. For further 
information see the Netherlands Coast Pilot (HP1) or the Mariner's Handbook.

PSSA AND WETREP
Tankers of more than 600 dwt carrying heavy crude oil or bitumen and tar
and their emulsions are required to participate in the mandatory reporting
system covering the Western European Particularly Sensitive Sea Area. For
further details, see ADMIRALTY List of Radio Signals and the Netherlands
Coast Pilot (HP1).

ANCHORAGES TSS MAAS WEST
Mariners are required to report to Maas Approach on VHF 1 before entering the 
restricted anchorages within the TSS Maas West (Inner and Outer).

OFFSHORE WIND FARMS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Turbines and substations are being installed and may display temporary aids 
to navigation. Submarine cables, underwater and seabed obstructions may exist 
throughout the area.
